What is one impact of lift-off effect in MPI?

The lift-off effect in Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) refers to the phenomenon where the distance between the magnetic particles and the surface of the test part increases, which can lead to a misalignment of the magnetic particles on a defect. This misalignment can significantly reduce the effectiveness of defect detection because when particles lift off the surface, they may not accumulate properly at the site of a discontinuity, making it difficult to visualize or identify flaws. Therefore, choosing the option that articulates this misalignment as a consequence of lift-off emphasizes an important operational challenge that practitioners must manage to ensure the accuracy and reliability of MPI.

The enhancement of detection capabilities would not be an outcome of the lift-off effect, as this phenomenon generally degrades the ability to detect flaws. Likewise, the lifetime of magnetic particles is not directly related to lift-off; instead, the purpose is to apply particles effectively in close proximity to enhance visibility of defects. Lastly, the calibration needs are typically concerned with ensuring equipment is correctly set up and does not directly involve the lift-off effect in its operational parameters.